“Memphis 1955 on Union Avenue
Carl and Jerry and Charlie and Roy
And Billy Riley too…”
– Johnny Cash, “I Will Rock’n’Roll With You”
“and Billy Riley too” ….
Billy Lee Riley was always a little irritated to be an afterthought, an add-on. He had a great career, unexpectedly so, really. He definitely had hopes to go all the way, following in Elvis’ footsteps. I mean, why wouldn’t you have hopes for that? If you were recording at Sun Records in 1955? But by the time Elvis came along, it was already too late. The wave peaked with Elvis and also crashed with Elvis, with people like Buddy Holly and Eddie Cochran getting in just in time. In other words, there was only room for one. Johnny Cash was very frustrated at how distracted Sun founder Sam Phillips was by Elvis. There was very little left over for the other artists on the roster. And the black blues singers, the whole POINT of Sun Records in its initial mission, were completely left in the dust, causing a lot of bitter feelings. Jerry Lee Lewis became the next hot thing after Elvis, sucking up all of Phillips’ attention (until Lewis flamed out publicly almost immediately following his fame break-through).
Riley was no wannabe. He had a hit on Sun Records, “Red Hot” (a cover of Sonny Williamson’s song, also on Sun). The thing still SLAPS.
And then … nothing. Sun Records transformed itself overnight into a one-artist phenomenon, and Phillips struggled (and failed) to keep up with distribution demands. He couldn’t handle the demand for Elvis. Elvis had to go to a big national label like RCA. This would become a pattern, too. People got some success and then had to leave. Riley never got to the national-consciousness level, and he had a “but what about ME??” thing going on, in evidence late in his life during interviews. He was pissed at Sam Phillips, for basically forever, and honestly, I can’t blame him.
Handsome devil.
However. It’s not like Riley was some slacker with one hit record who sat around waiting for another one, and then 30 years later jumped on the nostalgic circuit. On the contrary: He worked. He was a session musician (in fact, he started out that way at Sun – perhaps one of the reasons why he wasn’t considered a contender to be the Next Big Thing? Just a thought). One of the people Riley initially hooked up musically was Jack Clement, who had his own label run out of his garage or something like that, and he was putting together a team of people and Riley was one of them. Eventually though, they landed at Sun. Jack Clement ended up being really important to Sun as a house musician there but also a sound engineer. Riley formed his own combo (The Little Green Men), and they became the official (as official as anything was in those wild days) house band at Sun. They weren’t exclusive though. They played backup for people at a lot of labels.
I can’t remember where I learned this little fact, but Riley played guitar on Jerry Lee Lewis’ “Crazy Arms”, his first single at Sun. Or, I think he was just in the room, and everyone was fucking around on the track, and Riley played a wrong chord at the very end. Phillips loved it and kept it on there. Wait for it:
Riley was multi-talented: he played the drums, bass, harmonica, guitar. No surprise he ended up as part of the legendary Los Angeles Wrecking Crew. He plays harmonica on “Help Me Rhonda”!
I get it that playing harmonica for “Help Me Rhonda” is not the same thing as being a star, and it’s understandable why he felt resentful, but it really wasn’t Sam Phillips’ fault “Red Hot” was a hit locally, but didn’t leave Memphis. After Elvis punched through the wall between country/western and rhythm/blues, a lot of people poured into the gap who had no sense really of the rich texture of cultural influences. The next wave weren’t influenced by old r&b singers, they were influenced by Elvis. This shows in the music, as fun as some of it is. Riley definitely tried to find a way to distinguish himself from the pack, latching onto the new UFO craze. See: his band name. See: the title of another of his most well-known tracks:
The lyrics are nonsensical, but part of a trend. If you Google something like “rockabilly songs flying saucers” you will get a lot of hits. Let’s not forget Sputnik. Plus Cold War. There was a lot in the air (so to speak. sorry.) It’s not “My Baby Left Me” but a great track, with the wild-man screams in the background: it has that spontaneous Sun feel: you feel they’re all in the same room, you can almost SEE THEM.
Incidentally: that’s Jerry Lee Lewis on piano. Nobody was famous yet. They were all just hanging around Sun playing on each others’ stuff.
Riley played at Stax. He also played at American Sound for Chips Moman. Riley got discouraged eventually, said “Fuck it” and retired. But then the 80s came, rockabilly became a “thing” again (thanks Stray Cats), and Riley went on tour again. He toured nonstop for years. Bob Dylan always knew who Riley was. He needed no reminder. Bob Dylan was obsessed with Billy Lee Riley. Dylan was almost like a stalker, trying to find him, trying to get a hold of him. He wanted Riley to go on tour with him, which Riley eventually did do. There’s an audio-only track of Dylan and Riley playing “Red Hot” live in 1992. !!!
“Bob said I was his favorite singer and he had been looking for me since 1985. He’d even been to my old house in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, looking for me. He said he’s always admired two of my songs: ‘Trouble Bound’ & ‘One More Time.’ He knew more about me than I did!” — Billy Lee Riley
God, I love professional appreciation! Here’s Dylan in 1992, looking content as shit, listening to Riley play guitar on the tour bus.
Photo credit: Karen Pulfer Focht
Riley was still a handsome devil.
He died in 2009. In 2015, Dylan said in an interview:
[Billy Lee Riley] was a true original. He did it all: He played, he sang, he wrote. He would have been a bigger star but Jerry Lee came along. And you know what happens when someone like that comes along. You just don’t stand a chance. So Billy became what is known in the industry — a condescending term, by the way — as a one-hit wonder. But sometimes, just sometimes, once in a while, a one-hit wonder can make a more powerful impact than a recording star who’s got 20 or 30 hits behind him. He did it with style and grace. You won’t find him in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He’s not there. Metallica is. Abba is. Mamas and the Papas — I know they’re in there. Jefferson Airplane, Alice Cooper, Steely Dan — I’ve got nothing against them. Soft rock, hard rock, psychedelic pop. I got nothing against any of that stuff, but after all, it is called the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Billy Lee Riley is not there. Yet.
Tears are in my eyes. I love people who remember, who make sure their fans know who THEY revere.
Here are a couple of cool live performances I found on the Blessed YouTube:
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