{"id":7977,"date":"2008-04-18T07:32:45","date_gmt":"2008-04-18T11:32:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sheilaomalley.com\/?p=7977"},"modified":"2022-10-15T07:58:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-15T11:58:33","slug":"on-the-eighteenth-of-april-in-seventy-five-hardly-a-man-is-now-alive-who-remembers-that-famous-day-and-year-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sheilaomalley.com\/?p=7977","title":{"rendered":"On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; Hardly a man is now alive Who remembers that famous day and year."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On the night of April 18, into April 19, in 1775, Paul Revere made his famous ride.<\/p>\n<p>The spring of 1775 was a tense time.  Prominent Bostonians were under constant threat of arrest from the British, and many of them &#8211; to avoid this &#8211; moved their families to outlying communities.  However, two of the main patriotic leaders (Benjamin Church and Joseph Warren) stayed in Boston. Paul Revere did as well, and kept a close eye on British movements through that spring.  Revere was trusted as a messenger, he knew everybody.<\/p>\n<p>In mid-April, Revere started to notice some ominous signs: mainly that the British ships were taken out of the water, to be worked on, repaired.  He could sense that something was coming.  He felt the British were preparing for some kind of attack.<\/p>\n<p>Revere went to Concord on April 16 (most of the weaponry was stored there) and warned the leaders of that community that the British were preparing <i>something<\/i>, they were up to <i>something<\/i>, and if they were going to strike, they would most definitely try to seize the weapons stash in Concord.  So the people of Concord went to work, hiding their store of weapons in barns, cellars, swamps, etc.  (Like I mentioned: Paul Revere was trusted.  He knew everybody.  ison with the far less successful messenger on that very same night &#8211; William Dawes.)<\/p>\n<p>So.  April 16.  Revere returned to Boston from Concord, and met with other revolutionary leaders, and that is when they came up with the &#8220;one if by land, two if by sea&#8221; warning system.  Revere knew they needed a way to have some advance warning about <i>which route the British were going to take<\/i> when they finally did attack.<\/p>\n<p>By land?  Or by sea?<\/p>\n<p>So, Revere set up the system:  Signal lanterns would be placed in the belfry of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oldnorth.com\/\">Old North Church<\/a> (the steeple can be seen across the Charles River).  If two lanterns were hung, then the British would be crossing the Charles by boat.  If one lantern was hung, then the British would choose to attack using a land route.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;One if by land, two if by sea.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The plan was put in place just in time.  On April 18, in the early evening, a stable boy came to Paul Revere, telling him that he had overheard some British soldiers discussing the upcoming attack, and that it was planned for early the next morning.  The stable boy knew who to bring this information to, and that was Paul Revere.  (Again, check out Gladwell&#8217;s analysis of Paul Revere&#8217;s personality.  Really interesting.)<\/p>\n<p>Revere, on receiving this urgent piece of information, knew he had to get the warning out (and that he especially had to warn John Hancock and Samuel Adams who, at that time, were hiding out in Lexington).<\/p>\n<p>So off he went on his now legendary ride (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.paulreverehouse.org\/ride\/virtual.shtml\">here&#8217;s a cool map of the route he took<\/a>).  Revere took the water route out of Boston, rowed across the Charles, and galloped through the communities north of Boston sounding the alarm.  (Medford, Charlestown, Lexington, Concord.)  Because of Paul Revere, the British had completely lost the element of surprise.  When they came to attack, they found the rebellious colonists waiting for them everywhere, ambushing them left and right, from behind stone walls, hiding behind trees &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>An interesting tidbit (this is why I love this time in American history &#8211; yeah, the events themselves are really cool &#8230; but it&#8217;s details like the following one that really have me hooked, like a crack addict):<\/p>\n<p>In his hurry to depart, Revere forgot to bring along pieces of cloth to wrap the oars of his boat.  The purpose of the cloth would be  to muffle the sound of the oars cutting through the water.  The <i>Somerset<\/i> (the British man-of-war) was at anchor, right there in the harbor.  Paul Revere had to row <i>right by them<\/i>, and so any sound at all would have alerted the crew, and if Revere was busted, the whole jig would be up.  Revere was in a bit of a pickle &#8230; standing by his boat, trying to figure out how he could improvise &#8230; could he take off his stockings?  Tie them around the end of the oars?<\/p>\n<p>One of the boatmen involved in helping Revere make this crossing came to the rescue.  He ran to his girlfriend&#8217;s house and asked her for her petticoat.  One can only imagine her startled response to the nighttime demand at her door from her beau:  &#8220;Please, dear.  It&#8217;s 10 pm, and I need you to take off your petticoat, give it to me, and don&#8217;t ask me ANY questions about it!!&#8221;  But apparently, this girl, whoever she was, complied &#8211; took off her petticoat, handed it over, and Revere used it to wrap up the ends of his oars.<\/p>\n<p>I love that woman, whoever she is.<\/p>\n<p>So.  In honor of this great moment in American history -here is Henry Wadsworth Longfellow&#8217;s celebrated poem &#8220;Paul Revere&#8217;s Ride&#8221;. And below that, I am posting an old essay I wrote about babysitting Cashel &#8211; which is relevant to this date in history.  A couple years ago, I read the Cashel piece on a radio program, which was a pretty cool experience &#8211;  and reading over the piece today makes me nostalgic for when Cashel was so little!!<\/p>\n<p>But back to the poem: I know large swaths of it by heart &#8230; I grew up hearing it.  I&#8217;m an East Coast girl, most of my family is from Boston.  So all of these places in the poem are places I had been to many times as a child, and not just a tourist &#8230; but just because we lived near them.  That piece of history felt very <i>real<\/i> to me.  The poem is thrilling to me &#8211;  because of the story it tells, of course, but also because of its rollicking perfect rhythm, you can <i>feel<\/i> the suspense, you can <i>feel<\/i> the urgency, the whole thing ends up sounding like the clatter of horses hooves galloping through the night.  It&#8217;s meant to be read out loud.  Try it for yourself!!    The last stanza is beyond compare.  &#8220;For borne on the night-wind of the Past &#8230;&#8221; I mean, come ON!!<\/p>\n<p>April 18, 1775.  A great day in American history.  &#8220;The fate of a nation was riding that night.&#8221;  One of my personal favorite stories of the American revolution.<\/p>\n<h3>Paul Revere&#8217;s Ride<\/h3>\n<p> &#8211; by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow<\/p>\n<p>Listen my children and you shall hear<br \/>\nOf the midnight ride of Paul Revere,<br \/>\nOn the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;<br \/>\nHardly a man is now alive<br \/>\nWho remembers that famous day and year.<br \/>\nHe said to his friend, &#8220;If the British march<br \/>\nBy land or sea from the town to-night,<br \/>\nHang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch<br \/>\nOf the North Church tower as a signal light,&#8211;<br \/>\nOne if by land, and two if by sea;<br \/>\nAnd I on the opposite shore will be,<br \/>\nReady to ride and spread the alarm<br \/>\nThrough every Middlesex village and farm,<br \/>\nFor the country folk to be up and to arm.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Then he said &#8220;Good-night!&#8221; and with muffled oar<br \/>\nSilently rowed to the Charlestown shore,<br \/>\nJust as the moon rose over the bay,<br \/>\nWhere swinging wide at her moorings lay<br \/>\nThe Somerset, British man-of-war;<br \/>\nA phantom ship, with each mast and spar<br \/>\nAcross the moon like a prison bar,<br \/>\nAnd a huge black hulk, that was magnified<br \/>\nBy its own reflection in the tide.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, his friend through alley and street<br \/>\nWanders and watches, with eager ears,<br \/>\nTill in the silence around him he hears<br \/>\nThe muster of men at the barrack door,<br \/>\nThe sound of arms, and the tramp of feet,<br \/>\nAnd the measured tread of the grenadiers,<br \/>\nMarching down to their boats on the shore.<\/p>\n<p>Then he climbed the tower of the Old North Church,<br \/>\nBy the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread,<br \/>\nTo the belfry chamber overhead,<br \/>\nAnd startled the pigeons from their perch<br \/>\nOn the sombre rafters, that round him made<br \/>\nMasses and moving shapes of shade,&#8211;<br \/>\nBy the trembling ladder, steep and tall,<br \/>\nTo the highest window in the wall,<br \/>\nWhere he paused to listen and look down<br \/>\nA moment on the roofs of the town<br \/>\nAnd the moonlight flowing over all.<\/p>\n<p>Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead,<br \/>\nIn their night encampment on the hill,<br \/>\nWrapped in silence so deep and still<br \/>\nThat he could hear, like a sentinel&#8217;s tread,<br \/>\nThe watchful night-wind, as it went<br \/>\nCreeping along from tent to tent,<br \/>\nAnd seeming to whisper, &#8220;All is well!&#8221;<br \/>\nA moment only he feels the spell<br \/>\nOf the place and the hour, and the secret dread<br \/>\nOf the lonely belfry and the dead;<br \/>\nFor suddenly all his thoughts are bent<br \/>\nOn a shadowy something far away,<br \/>\nWhere the river widens to meet the bay,&#8211;<br \/>\nA line of black that bends and floats<br \/>\nOn the rising tide like a bridge of boats.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride,<br \/>\nBooted and spurred, with a heavy stride<br \/>\nOn the opposite shore walked Paul Revere.<br \/>\nNow he patted his horse&#8217;s side,<br \/>\nNow he gazed at the landscape far and near,<br \/>\nThen, impetuous, stamped the earth,<br \/>\nAnd turned and tightened his saddle girth;<br \/>\nBut mostly he watched with eager search<br \/>\nThe belfry tower of the Old North Church,<br \/>\nAs it rose above the graves on the hill,<br \/>\nLonely and spectral and sombre and still.<br \/>\nAnd lo! as he looks, on the belfry&#8217;s height<br \/>\nA glimmer, and then a gleam of light!<br \/>\nHe springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns,<br \/>\nBut lingers and gazes, till full on his sight<br \/>\nA second lamp in the belfry burns.<\/p>\n<p>A hurry of hoofs in a village street,<br \/>\nA shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the dark,<br \/>\nAnd beneath, from the pebbles, in passing, a spark<br \/>\nStruck out by a steed flying fearless and fleet;<br \/>\nThat was all! And yet, through the gloom and the light,<br \/>\nThe fate of a nation was riding that night;<br \/>\nAnd the spark struck out by that steed, in his flight,<br \/>\nKindled the land into flame with its heat.<br \/>\nHe has left the village and mounted the steep,<br \/>\nAnd beneath him, tranquil and broad and deep,<br \/>\nIs the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides;<br \/>\nAnd under the alders that skirt its edge,<br \/>\nNow soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge,<br \/>\nIs heard the tramp of his steed as he rides.<\/p>\n<p>It was twelve by the village clock<br \/>\nWhen he crossed the bridge into Medford town.<br \/>\nHe heard the crowing of the cock,<br \/>\nAnd the barking of the farmer&#8217;s dog,<br \/>\nAnd felt the damp of the river fog,<br \/>\nThat rises after the sun goes down.<\/p>\n<p>It was one by the village clock,<br \/>\nWhen he galloped into Lexington.<br \/>\nHe saw the gilded weathercock<br \/>\nSwim in the moonlight as he passed,<br \/>\nAnd the meeting-house windows, black and bare,<br \/>\nGaze at him with a spectral glare,<br \/>\nAs if they already stood aghast<br \/>\nAt the bloody work they would look upon.<\/p>\n<p>It was two by the village clock,<br \/>\nWhen he came to the bridge in Concord town.<br \/>\nHe heard the bleating of the flock,<br \/>\nAnd the twitter of birds among the trees,<br \/>\nAnd felt the breath of the morning breeze<br \/>\nBlowing over the meadow brown.<br \/>\nAnd one was safe and asleep in his bed<br \/>\nWho at the bridge would be first to fall,<br \/>\nWho that day would be lying dead,<br \/>\nPierced by a British musket ball.<\/p>\n<p>You know the rest. In the books you have read<br \/>\nHow the British Regulars fired and fled,&#8212;<br \/>\nHow the farmers gave them ball for ball,<br \/>\nFrom behind each fence and farmyard wall,<br \/>\nChasing the redcoats down the lane,<br \/>\nThen crossing the fields to emerge again<br \/>\nUnder the trees at the turn of the road,<br \/>\nAnd only pausing to fire and load.<\/p>\n<p>So through the night rode Paul Revere;<br \/>\nAnd so through the night went his cry of alarm<br \/>\nTo every Middlesex village and farm,&#8212;<br \/>\nA cry of defiance, and not of fear,<br \/>\nA voice in the darkness, a knock at the door,<br \/>\nAnd a word that shall echo for evermore!<br \/>\nFor, borne on the night-wind of the Past,<br \/>\nThrough all our history, to the last,<br \/>\nIn the hour of darkness and peril and need,<br \/>\nThe people will waken and listen to hear<br \/>\nThe hurrying hoof-beats of that steed,<br \/>\nAnd the midnight message of Paul Revere.<\/p>\n<p>\n<p>Paul Revere himself wrote of that time:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In the Fall of 1774 and Winter of 1775 I was one of upwards of thirty, cheifly mechanics, who formed our selves in to a Committee for the purpose of watching the Movements of the British Soldiers, and gaining every intelegence of the movements of the Tories.<\/p>\n<p>We held our meetings at the Green-Dragon Tavern. We were so carefull that our meetings should be kept Secret; that every time we met, every person swore upon the Bible, that they would not discover any of our transactions, But to Messrs. HANCOCK,  ADAMS, Doctors WARREN, CHURCH, and one or two more.<\/p>\n<p>About November, when things began to grow Serious, a Gentleman who had Conections with the Tory party, but was a Whig at heart, acquainted me, that our meetings were discovered, and mentioned the identical words that were spoken among us the Night before. . . . We removed to another place, which we thought was more secure: but here we found that all our transactions were communicated to Governor Gage. (This came to me through the then Secretary  Flucker; He told it to the Gentleman mentioned above). It was then a common opinion, that there was a Traytor in the provincial Congress, and that Gage was posessed of all their Secrets.  (Church was a member of that Congress for Boston.) In the Winter, towards the Spring, we frequently took Turns, two and two, to Watch the Soldiers, By patroling the Streets all night. The Saturday Night preceding the 19th of April, about 12 oClock at Night, the Boats belonging to the Transports were all launched, and carried under the Sterns of the Men of War. (They had been previously hauld up and repaired). We likewise found that the Grenadiers and light Infantry were all taken off duty.<\/p>\n<p>From these movements, we expected something serious was [to] be transacted. On Tuesday evening, the 18th, it was observed, that a number of Soldiers were marching towards the bottom of the Common. About 10 o&#8217;Clock, Dr. Warren Sent in great haste for me, and beged that I would imediately Set off for Lexington, where Messrs. Hancock and Adams were, and acquaint them of the Movement, and that it was thought they were the objets. When I got to Dr. Warren&#8217;s house, I found he had sent an express by land to Lexington\u00e2\u0080\u0094a Mr. Wm. Daws. The Sunday before, by desire of Dr. Warren, I had been to Lexington, to Mess. Hancock and Adams, who were at the Rev. Mr. Clark&#8217;s. I returned at Night thro Charlestown; there I agreed with a Col. Conant, and some other Gentlemen, that if the British went out by Water, we would shew two Lanthorns in the North Church Steeple; and if by Land, one, as a Signal; for we were aprehensive it would be dificult to Cross the Charles River, or git over Boston neck. I left Dr. Warrens, called upon a friend, and desired him to make the Signals. I then went Home, took my Boots and Surtout, and went to the North part of the Town, Where I had kept a Boat; two friends rowed me across Charles River, a little to the eastward where the Somerset Man of War lay. It was then young flood, the Ship was winding, and the moon was Rising. They landed me on Charlestown side. When I got into Town, I met Col. Conant, and several others; they said they had seen our signals. I told them what was Acting, and went to git me a Horse; I got a Horse of Deacon Larkin. While the Horse was preparing, Richard Devens, Esq. who was one of the Committee of Safty, came to me, and told me, that he came down the Road from Lexington, after Sundown, that evening; that He met ten British Officers, all well mounted, and armed, going up the Road.<\/p>\n<p>I set off upon a very good Horse; it was then about 11 o&#8217;Clock, and very pleasant. After I had passed Charlestown Neck, and got nearly opposite where Mark was hung in chains, I saw two men on Horse back, under a Tree. When I got near them, I discovered they were British officer. One tryed to git a head of Me, and the other to take me. I turned my Horse very quick, and Galloped towards Charlestown neck, and then pushed for the Medford Road. The one who chased me, endeavoring to Cut me off, got into a Clay pond, near where the new Tavern is now built. I got clear of him, and went thro Medford, over the Bridge, and up to Menotomy. In Medford, I awaked the Captain of the Minute men; and after that, I alarmed almost every House, till I got to Lexington. I found Messrs. Hancock and Adams at the Rev. Mr. Clark&#8217;s; I told them my errand, and inquired for Mr. Daws; they said he had not been there; I related the story of the two officers, and supposed that He must have been stopped, as he ought to have been there before me. After I had been there about half an Hour, Mr. Daws came; we refreshid our selves, and set off for Concord, to secure the Stores, &#038;c. there. We were overtaken by a young Docter Prescot, whom we found to be a high Son of Liberty. I told them of the ten officers that Mr. Devens mett, and that it was probable we might be stoped before we got to Concord; for I supposed that after Night, they divided them selves, and that two of them had fixed themselves in such passages as were most likely to stop any intelegence going to Concord. I likewise mentioned, that we had better allarm all the Inhabitents till we got to Concord; the young Doctor much approved of it, and said, he would stop with either of us, for the people between that and Concord knew him, and would give the more credit to what we said. We had got nearly half way. Mr Daws and the Doctor stoped to allarm the people of a House: I was about one hundred Rod a head, when I saw two men, in nearly the same situation as those officer were, near Charlestown. I called for the Doctor and Daws to come up;\u00e2\u0080\u0094in an Instant I was surrounded by four;\u00e2\u0080\u0094they had placed themselves in a Straight Road, that inclined each way; they had taken down a pair of Barrs on the North side of the Road, and two of them were under a tree in the pasture. The Docter being foremost, he came up; and we tryed to git past them; but they being armed with pistols and swords, they forced us in to the pasture;\u00e2\u0080\u0094the Docter jumped his Horse over a low Stone wall, and got to Concord. I observed a Wood at a Small distance, and made for that. When I got there, out Started Six officers, on Horse back, and orderd me to dismount;\u00e2\u0080\u0094one of them, who appeared to have the command, examined me, where I came from, and what my Name Was? I told him. He asked me if I was an express? I answered in the afirmative. He demanded what time I left Boston? I told him; and aded, that their troops had catched aground in passing the River, and that There would be five hundred Americans there in a short time, for I had alarmed the Country all the way up. He imediately rode towards those who stoppd us, when all five of them came down upon a full gallop; one of them, whom I afterwards found to be Major Mitchel, of the 5th Regiment, Clapped his pistol to my head, called me by name, and told me he was going to ask me some questions, and if I did not give him true answers, he would blow my brains out. He then asked me similar questions to those above. He then orderd me to mount my Horse, after searching me for arms. He then orderd them to advance, and to lead me in front. When we got to the Road, they turned down towards Lexington. When we had got about one Mile, the Major Rode up to the officer that was leading me, and told him to give me to the Sergeant. As soon as he took me, the Major orderd him, if I attempted to run, or any body insulted them, to blow my brains out. We rode till we got near Lexington Meeting-house, when the Militia fired a Voley of Guns, which appeared to alarm them very much. The Major inquired of me how far it was to Cambridge, and if there were any other Road? After some consultation, the Major Rode up to the Sargent, and asked if his Horse was tired? He answered him, he was&#8211;(He was a Sargent of Grenadiers, and had a small Horse)\u00e2\u0080\u0094then, said He, take that man&#8217;s Horse. I dismounted, and the Sargent mounted my Horse, when they all rode towards Lexington Meeting-House. I went across the Burying-ground, and some pastures, and came to the Revd. Mr. Clark&#8217;s House, where I found Messrs. Hancok and Adams. I told them of my treatment, and they concluded to go from that House to wards Woburn. I went with them, and a Mr. Lowell, who was a Clerk to Mr. Hancock. When we got to the House where they intended to stop, Mr. Lowell and my self returned to Mr. Clark&#8217;s, to find what was going on. When we got there, an elderly man came in; he said he had just come from the Tavern, that a Man had come from Boston, who said there were no British troops coming. Mr. Lowell and my self went towards the Tavern, when we met a Man on a full gallop, who told us the Troops were coming up the Rocks. We afterwards met another, who said they were close by. Mr. Lowell asked me to go to the Tavern with him, to git a Trunk of papers belonging to Mr. Hancock. We went up Chamber; and while we were giting the Trunk, we saw the British very near, upon a full March. We hurried to wards Mr. Clark&#8217;s House. In our way, we passed through the Militia. There were about 50. When we had got about 100 Yards from the meeting-House the British Troops appeard on both Sides of the Meeting-House. In their Front was an Officer on Horse back. They made a Short Halt; when I saw, and heard, a Gun fired, which appeared to be a Pistol. Then I could distinguish two Guns, and then a Continual roar of Musquetry; When we made off with the Trunk.<\/p>\n<p>As I have mentioned Dr. Church, perhaps it might not be disagreeable to mention some Matters of my own knowledge, respecting Him. He appeared to be a high son of Liberty. He frequented all the places where they met, Was incouraged by all the leaders of the Sons of Liberty, and it appeared he was respected by them, though I knew that Dr. Warren had not the greatest affection for him. He was esteemed a very capable writer, especially in verese; and as the Whig party needed every Strenght, they feared, as well as courted Him. Though it was known, that some of the Liberty Songs, which We composed, were parodized by him, in favor of the British, yet none dare charge him with it. I was a constant and critical observer of him, and I must say, that I never thought Him a man of Principle; and I doubted much in my own mind, wether He was a real Whig. I knew that He kept company with a Capt. Price, a half-pay British officer, and that He frequently dined with him, and Robinson, one of the Commissioners. I know that one of his intimate aquaintances asked him why he was so often with Robinson and Price? His answer was, that He kept Company with them on purpose to find out their plans. The day after the Battle of Lexington, I met him in Cambridge, when He shew me some blood on his stocking, which he said spirted on him from a Man who was killed near him, as he was urging the Militia on. I well remember, that I argued with my self, if a Man will risque his life in a Cause, he must be a Friend to that cause; and I never suspected him after, till He was charged with being a Traytor.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The full letter can be read <a href=\"http:\/\/www.masshist.org\/cabinet\/april2002\/reveretranscription.htm\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><p>\n<b>ONE IF BY LAND<\/b><br \/>\nWe colored for a while. As we waited for the pizza to arrive. Cashel commanded me to draw a house. So I did. Cashel was basically the architect and the interior designer. Telling me what he wanted to see.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Put a playroom in the attic.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;But Auntie Sheila &#8212; where are the stairs??&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>I drew the bathroom, and the mere sight of the toilet caused Cashel to dissolve into mirth. Yes. Toilets are hilarious.<\/p>\n<p>I drew a spiral staircase which blew Cashel away. &#8220;That&#8217;s so COOL.&#8221; Then I drew the living room. I said, &#8220;I think there needs to be a picture on the wall. Or a portrait. Whose picture should be on the wall, you think?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Cashel said bluntly, &#8220;Einstein.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Okay, then. Einstein. So I drew this little cartoon of Einstein, with the crazy hair coming up, and Cashel said seriously, with all of his knowledge, &#8220;That really looks like Einstein.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>We ate our pizza together, talking about stuff. Star Wars, Ben Franklin. Cashel informed me, &#8220;Ben Franklin discovered lightning.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Cashel is a wealth of information. Randomly, he told my parents that Vincent Van Gogh never sold a painting while he was alive, but that after he died, he became famous.<\/p>\n<p>I read him a story. It was from the book of &#8220;Disney stories&#8221; which I had given him for his birthday. He loves it. He pulled it out of the bookshelf, and I said, &#8220;Oh! I gave that to you!&#8221; Cashel said, a little bit annoyed, &#8220;I know that.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>He had me read the story of the little mouse who hung out with Ben Franklin, and basically (in the world of Disney) was the inspiration for all of Ben Franklin&#8217;s famous moments. Cashel would shoot questions at me. &#8220;Why is Ben Franklin&#8217;s hair white?&#8221; &#8220;Well &#8230; he&#8217;s old now. But also, in those days, men wore powdered wigs.&#8221; Cashel&#8217;s little serious face, listening, sponging this all up. Probably the next day he informed his friends that men in the olden days wore powdered wigs. He&#8217;s that kind of listener, that kind of learner.<\/p>\n<p>Then he put on his Obi Wan Kenobi costume which Grandma Peggy made him for Christmas. A long hooded brown cloak &#8230; and he hooked his light saber into his waist, and galloped off down the hall. A mini Jedi knight.<\/p>\n<p>I had him pick out three stories to read before bedtime. He sat beside me, curled up into me, looking at the pictures as I read to him. The last one we read was Longfellow&#8217;s poem &#8220;Paul Revere&#8217;s Ride&#8221;. This poem was a favorite of ours, when we were kids. My dad would read it to us, and even now, when I read the words, I hear them in my father&#8217;s voice. A magical poem. The way my dad read it to us (along with Longfellow&#8217;s help) made us SEE it. The clock tower, the moon, the darkness &#8230; the sense of anticipation, of secrecy, of urgency. It was thrilling. So I love that this is being passed on to Cashel! I&#8217;ve never read the poem outloud before, so I had one of those strange moments of the space-time continuum bending, me stepping into my father&#8217;s shoes, Cashel 5 years old beside me, feeling the ghost of my own 5 year old self listening.<\/p>\n<p>I also remember how Brendan and I used to chime in gleefully: &#8220;ONE IF BY LAND, TWO IF BY SEA!&#8221; And Cashel did the same thing. I paused before that moment in the poem, glanced down at him, and he screamed out, &#8220;ONE IF BY LAND, TWO IF BY SEA!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There was also a subtlety of understanding in Cashel.  For example, I read this part:<\/p>\n<p><em>And lo! as he looks, on the belfry&#8217;s height<br \/>\nA glimmer, and then a gleam of light!<br \/>\nHe springs to the saddle, the bridle he turns,<br \/>\nBut lingers and gazes, till full on his sight<br \/>\nA second lamp in the belfry burns.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>And Cashel exclaimed, in a sort of &#8220;Uh-oh&#8221; tone, &#8220;They&#8217;re comin&#8217; by sea!!&#8221; Now the words don&#8217;t actually SAY that, but he remembered the &#8220;one if by land two if by sea&#8221; signal, and puts it all together. That&#8217;s my boy!<\/p>\n<p>I remembered the first lines from memory:<\/p>\n<p><em>Listen my children and you shall hear<br \/>\nOf the midnight ride of Paul Revere,<br \/>\nOn the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;<br \/>\nHardly a man is now alive<br \/>\nWho remembers that famous day and year.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Again, those are just words on the page. But to me, they are filled with the echoes of my father&#8217;s voice.<\/p>\n<p>Cashel and I, as we went through the poem, had to stop many times for discussions.<\/p>\n<p>There was one illustration of all the minute-men, hiding behind the stone walls, with a troop of Redcoats marching along, walking straight into the ambush. Cashel pointed at it, and stated firmly, &#8220;That&#8217;s the civil war.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Nope. Nope. That is actually a picture from the American Revolutionary War.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Cashel pondered this. Taking it in. Then: &#8220;The minute-men were in the civil war.&#8221; But less certain.  Glancing up at me for explanation.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Nope. The minute-men were soldiers in the American Revolution. Do you know why they called them that?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Why?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Cause they were farmers, and regular people &#8230; but they could be ready to go into battle in a minute.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Again, a long silence. Cashel filed this away for safekeeping. He forgets nothing.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;So &#8230; Auntie Sheila &#8230; what is the difference between the Revolutionary War and the Civil War?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Woah. Okay. This will be a test. How to describe all of that in 5-year-old language. I mean, frankly, Cashel is not like a five-year-old at all. But still. Everything must be boiled down into its simplest components.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Well. America used to be a part of England, and the American Revolutionary War was when America decided that it wanted to be free &#8230; and Americans basically told the Brits to go home.&#8221; Uh-oh. Brits? This is an inflammatory term. I corrected myself. &#8220;America told Great Britain that it wanted to be its own country. And the Civil War &#8230; &#8221; Hmmm. How to begin &#8230; what to say &#8230; I know it was about more than slavery, but I decided to only focus on that one aspect. Economic theory and regional cultural differences would be too abstract. &#8220;In those days, Cashel, black people were slaves. And it was very very wrong. Can you understand that?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>He nodded. His little serious face.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;And the people in the South wanted to keep their slaves, and the people in the North said to the people in the South that they had to give up their slaves.  And they ended up going to war. And eventually all the slaves were free.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Cashel accepted this explanation silently. Then he pointed back to the Paul Revere poem. &#8220;Read.&#8221; he commanded.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the night of April 18, into April 19, in 1775, Paul Revere made his famous ride. The spring of 1775 was a tense time. 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