JOHN ADAMS to THOMAS JEFFERSON
Quincy Nov. 13 1815
Dear Sir
The fund[a]mental Article of my political Creed is, that Despotism, or unlimited Sovereignty, or absolute Power is the same in a Majority of a popular Assembly, an Aristocratical Counsel, an Oligarchical Junto and a single Emperor. Equally arbitrary cruel bloody and in every respect diabolical.
Accordingly arbitrary Power, wherever it has resided, has never failed to destroy all the records Memorials and Histories of former times which it did not like and to corrupt and interpolate such as it was cunning enough to preserve or to tolerate. We cannot therefore say with much confidence, what Knowledge or what Virtues may have prevailed in some former Ages in some quarters of the World.
Nevertheless, according to the few lights that remain to Us, We may say that the Eighteenth Century, notwithstanding all its Errors and Vices has been, of all that are past, the most honourable to human Nature. Knowledge and Virtues were increased and diffused, Arts, Sciences useful to Men, ameliorating their condition, were improved, more than in any former equal Period.
But, what are We to say now? Is the Nineteenth Century to be a contrast to the Eighteenth? Is it to extinguish all the Lights of its Predecessor? Are the Sorbonne, the Inquisition, the Index expurgatorius, and the Knights Errant of St Ignatius Loyola to be revived and restored to all their salutary Powers of supporting and propagating the mild Spirit of Christianity? The Proceedings of the Allies and their Congress at Vienna, the Accounts from Spain France etc the Chateaubriands and the Genlis, indicate which Way the Wind blows. The Priests are at their Old Work again. The Protestants are denounced and another St Bartholomew’s day, threatened.
This however, will probably, 25 Years hence, be honoured with the Character of “the effusions of a splenetic mind, rather than as the sober reflections of an unbiassed Understanding.”
[Note: John Adams is making a joke here. A book had just come out which included some of Adams’ private letters – used without his permission. And after one of the letters, which had to do with the convulsions going on in Europe at the time, the author of the book characterized Adams’ thought process as “the effusions of a splenetic mind, rather than as the sober reflections of an unbiassed Understanding”. Adams continuously made jokes from there on out about his “splenetic mind” and its “effusions”.]
Additional note from Sheila: I will be posting Thomas Jefferson’s EXTRAORDINARY response to John Adams’ letter shortly.
