The Books: The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town, edited by Lillian Ross; ‘Caricaturist’, by Geoffrey Hellman

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Next up on the essays shelf:

The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town (Modern Library Paperbacks), edited by Lillian Ross is a collection of “The Talk of the Town” pieces in The New Yorker, grouped by decade, which is a lot of fun because you can see how the “voice” of the magazine developed, and how “The Talk of the Town” has grown and changed over the years.

When I was a kid, my parents got the Sunday New York Times delivered. I would pore over the Arts section, reveling in the reviews of grown-up movies, and also the reviews of various theatrical events in the far-away city of New York (which, of course, I had visited – so I felt like an expert. Oh! I know that theatre! Oh! I know that actor!) One of the funnest part of the weekly ritual was the caricature included in the theatre section by Al Hirschfeld. I know I sound like an octogenarian but I am just so sad he’s not around anymore and that those getting to know the NY Times now won’t have the pleasure of looking forward to his caricatures. And someone – who – my Dad? My dad’s friend Barry? – told me of the “Nina” game. In every caricature, he would somehow work in the name of his daughter “Nina”, sometimes multiple times. And by his name in the lower right corner, there would be a little number, which would tell you how many times “Nina” occurred. So much fun to scour over the caricature looking for the Ninas.

And it’s still fun.

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I’m sorry, but LOOK at Angela Lansbury. That is so hysterical.

And of course I can’t resist.

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Al Hirschfeld became a New York institution.

In 1958, Geoffrey Hellman wrote the following “Talk of the Town” piece about Hirschfeld. He talks about “Nina”. But I was mostly interested in his comments about the standardization of human beings, which he had witnessed in his lifetime. This is a complaint I have now about actors/actresses. Everyone looks alike. All the women have Real Housewives hair, long, with a flip at the bottom. Botox has made everyone’s faces look alike, frozen in a delighted expression. My friend and I were watching The Bachelor one night and she, a woman with gloriously curly hair, commented, “None of the contestants have curly hair.” I look back on a show like, say, thirtysomething, and while those people were, I suppose, attractive … they weren’t outrageously attractive. They all looked like real people that you could actually know. If you look at TV now, that really is not the case anymore. It’s a bit disheartening. Tina Fey has a great section in her book Bossypants about the sea-change in Beauty Standards that she has seen in her lifetime. Once upon a time, stars had indelible LOOKS. You could tell the difference between Marlene Dietrich and Katharine Hepburn, for God’s sake. Now? Claire Danes and Reese Witherspoon have the exact same haircut and that just seems so ridiculous to me. Not just boring, but unintelligent. I get it. The pressure now to conform is far worse than it ever was, due to the 24/7 news cycle and vicious commentary about every single inch of a woman’s appearance. It can be hard to tune that out. But to standardize what we think of as beautiful … to such a Stepford Wife degree – is scary. Lindsay Lohan is a prime example. I’m not talking about her personal life. I’m talking about her obvious internal pressure to be something she’s not. She’s a redhead with freckles. This makes her different, and therefore special. She has big boobs, and a curvy frame (see Mean Girls). And now, she is bleached blonde, and she looks like everyone else. This happens a lot. The pressure of standardization is intense. I love those actors who maintain their individuality. And when someone like Adele, or Melissa McCarthy, show up on red carpets … you can feel how the stupid commentators do not know how to deal with it. These women are at the tops of their chosen fields, and they both have their own specific looks and characters. And this is now baffling.

The following profile was written in 1958, but Hirschfeld was already noticing that trend, and how it made his job more difficult. You used to be able to, you know, tell people apart.

I am so grateful that I grew up when Al Hirschfeld was still active. I always looked forward to his drawings, and to spending some time finding all those hidden Ninas!

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The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town (Modern Library Paperbacks), edited by Lillian Ross; ‘Caricaturist’, by Geoffrey Hellman

Mr. H. had a one-man sculpture show at the Newhouse Gallery in 1928, and since then his work, mostly drawings, has been bought by, among others, the St. Louis Art Museum, the Cleveland Art Museum , the Fogg Museum, the Museum of the City of New York, the Museum of Modern Art, and the Metropolitan. His caricatures of new shows appear in the theatrical section of the Sunday Times thirty or forty times a year.

As part of his job, Hirschfeld, who has written a play himself, faithfully attends out-of-town tryouts and Broadway openings. He is married to a red-haired actress, Dolly Haas, and they have a red-haired thirteen-year-old daughter, Nina, who plays the piano with authority and hopes to become a red-haired actress herself. The Hirschfelds live in a big house, on East Ninety-fifth Street, that was once owned by Jacob Ruppert, the brewer. Nina’s father works her name into all his Times drawings, often concealing it in curlicues of curtains and the folds of costumes. “I started that in a circus poster, on which I wrote ‘Nina the Wonder Child,’ when she was born,” he said. “Sometimes you can’t find the name without a microscope. Nina has a microscope, and she always finds it. I’m told her classmates, at Brearley, look for it every week. I worked ‘Brearley’ in a few weeks ago. The engraving department at the Times has a kind of pool on this: the first to spot ‘Nina’ is the winner. ‘Nina’ is hardest to find when it is large: sometimes I make the whole design say it. I hardly ever go out during the day. I work in my studio, on the top floor of the house, until the sun is down; then I go out and raise hell. I’m a late stayer-upper. I read from 1 to 3 a.m. – anything that’s in print. I’ve written and illustrated a couple of books – ‘Manhattan Oases,’ about speakeasies during prohibition, and ‘Harlem’, about Harlem.”

Mr. Hirschfeld finished his omelet and lit a cigar. “I believe that there’s been a subtle change in my style in the last few years,” he said, “and that the reason for this is that people are changing. They’re becoming more standardized. They’re getting to look more and more alike. You used to be able to immediately identify the Marx Brothers, Eddie Cantor, William Jennings Bryan, and even such leading men as John Barrymore and Lou Tellegen. Now things aren’t that clear. Politicians and actors and Presidents all look like advertising men. People all over the world look alike. Americans and Frenchmen and Englishmen all look alike. Twenty years ago, Soviet statesmen looked like Soviet statesmen, but today they look like Bernard Baruch. People don’t write their own books, and Presidents don’t their own speeches. What does a man leave of himself except a photograph? What would we think of Lincoln if it turned out that the Gettysburg Address was written by C.D. Jackson?”

Posted in Books, Theatre | Tagged , , , , | 4 Comments

Happy Birthday, Bob Hope

That clip is sheer liquid joy.

Go check out my friend Trav SD’s post: Trav S.D.’s One Stop Mini-Guide to the Hope and Crosby Road Pictures

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The Books: The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town, edited by Lillian Ross; ‘Mr. Hulot’, by Lillian Ross

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Next up on the essays shelf:

The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town (Modern Library Paperbacks) is a collection of “The Talk of the Town” pieces in The New Yorker, grouped by decade, which is a lot of fun because you can see how the “voice” of the magazine developed, and how “The Talk of the Town” has grown and changed over the years.

As the decades pass, the “Talk of the Town” pieces start to lose their taut minimalism. They get wordier. They are more “short articles”, rather than their own “in miniature” observations. I prefer the earlier “Talk of the Town” pieces (some of which I highlighted in earlier excerpts – click on the tag at the bottom of the post). For example, to write one of these you have to be able to boil down a giant figure like, say, Eleanor Roosevelt, into three paragraphs at the most. You have to have a great eye for the detail that will organize the image, the unexpected, the funny quip, the random quote. The pieces aren’t meant to be weighty, the voice is light and airy, even when taking on deep topics. That singularity is lost a bit when we start getting into the 50s and beyond. But there are still some wonderful profiles and character studies.

In this piece, French clown and film-maker Jacques Tati is visiting New York for the premiere of his first international hit Mr. Hulot’s Holiday. It is his first time in America.

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I’m a bit obsessed with Tati’s Playtime (review here), the film that ruined him financially. It’s one of the funniest movies I have ever seen. Please check out The Siren’s post about the film. We were obsessing on it at the same time, by osmosis.

Tati had a very specific and original view of the world and its comedy, and Playtime was the apex of his vision. He only directed six films in his entire career. Fascinating.

jacques tati

Americans embraced “Mr. Hulot”, the bumbling kind-hearted clown with an umbrella and a trenchcoat, and Lillian Ross went to talk to Tati about how he felt about his success and his films. It’s still a short piece, in keeping with the style, and there are some excellent quotes. I’ll quote just a bit of it. Here, he talks about how he broke into comedy. It is so random, so specific. You can see in the story the elements that will continue to interest and obsess Tati over his career.

It’s 1954.

The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town (Modern Library Paperbacks), edited by Lillian Ross; ‘Mr. Hulot’, by Lillian Ross

Young Tati’s specialty was so peculiar that not an impresario in Paris would look at him. “For years, I was broke,” Tati said. “I slept every night in a different place. I sat in cafes and talked with friends, and when I needed to eat, I would go to a certain cabaret and imitate a drunken waiter who is constantly making mistakes. For an evening of supposedly drunken waiting, I would be given my dinner and fifty francs. It was the happiest and most free time I have ever known.” Tati got his big break in 1934, when a friend arranged for him to appear on a program at the Ritz with Chevalier and Mistingueti. “I was so frightened that though I was supposed to go on first, I couldn’t stand or talk,” Tati said. “I hid in a corner backstage and the show started without me. When it was over and the people were leaving, the manager of the show saw me hiding in the corner. He ran out on the stage and shouted that one of the entertainers had been forgotten. Then he introduced me. The people returned to their seats and I had to go on. The next thing I knew, I heard them laughing, I could not imagine that they were laughing at me. I looked around for the entertainer they were laughing at. No one else was onstage. It had to be me. Soon they were applauding and shouting, and the manager was shaking my hand. Then came he impresarios, and I was playing in music halls and circuses all over Europe.”

This was Tati’s first visit to the United States. He was scheduled to play at the Radio City Music Hall in 1939 but wound up in the French infantry instead. He attended several baseball games in the course of his visit and plans to add a baseball pantomime to his sports act. It took him a year and a half to make “Jour de Fete”, and as long to make “Mr. Hulot’s Holiday”, and he is only just beginning to think about a new movie. His favorite comedian is an English music-hall performer named Little Tich, whom he saw when he was seven. The comedian who makes him laugh most is the late W.C. Fields. He admires Chaplin, but for the most part Chaplin doesn’t make him laugh. “Chaplin is full of ideas,” Tati said. “I am so busy watching the working out of his beautiful ideas that I never find time to laugh.”

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Chicago Sings Kander and Ebb

My friend Meghan Murphy singing “All That Jazz” at a recent Chicago concert series. My favorite part, I think, is when she holds the “z”. To quote my friends: That is bullshit, and by bullshit we mean AWESOME. Proud of her and what she has been accomplishing in her career. She’s the real deal.

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Cousin Mike on Ellen: #1 Coach

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New York Collage

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A new sight round these here streets.

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The sign reads: “Life isn’t tragic. Love is just being ignored.”

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Terrifying.

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The Sky Lobby of the Sony building.

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Oasis on a day of torrential rain

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Manhattan Melodrama

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Color

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In Union Square

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I almost stole this. But I had three more appointments that day and couldn’t see myself lugging it around.

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12th Street, in between 6th and 7th

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Waiting for Bobby Fischer

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On Houston Street

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As Elvis Said: “Girls! Girls! Girls!”

Last week came the results of a disheartening new study about the lack of female film critics. Look at those numbers. It’s an interesting problem, and not news to anyone who is paying attention to what is going on. It’s no secret that the Boys Club is a real thing. On some level, it may be maintained deliberately (that Variety article mentions that horrible email sent by an editor forbidding a film critic to review any of those stupid “women’s movies”), on other levels (far more insidious) it is unconscious. But it exists. It exists in the literary world as well, and that has also gotten a lot of attention recently. Those who pooh-pooh that this is even a problem … well, let’s say I find their motives suspicious.

Two film sites just came out with lists of female film critics people should be reading, a gesture I very much appreciate, and not just because I’m on one of the lists. I have mixed feelings about being honored for my writing and my vagina. Like, can’t we leave my vagina out of it? But I’m not that much of an idealist. I understand how privilege works, and I understand that the situation as it stands is unfair. So to be included on such a list is flattering, and I am glad that this conversation is occurring. It needs to occur.

A great example of how the invisible privilege that makes people blind to diversity operates is in the recent AV Club list of the best films of the ’00s, and there wasn’t one female director represented. 50 films, not one female director. Shameful. Especially for that particular decade, when so many female directors kicked some serious ass. I don’t think they set out to exclude women, but it just happened that way, and not one person along the way thought to themselves, “Huh … what is wrong with this picture …” Hopefully, the AV Club (a great site) did some serious soul-searching in the wake of that list.

I do my thing, I have people who have been reading me for years, and I am grateful to the opportunities I have been given (or, to put it in a better way, opportunities I have earned). Having a diversity of voices is an important part of cultural conversation. Especially now, when misogyny and dismissive attitudes towards women’s points of view is almost endemic (and reflected in the last presidential campaign season. Sheesh, what a mess.)

A related thought: There have been studies done about reading habits of men and women. Women have no issue reading books by men. But men reading books by women is a much rarer phenomenon. There have been huge arguments that have reached the public eye occasionally over things like book design. Books designed solely for a female audience – with the typical chick-lit cover – are clearly good business if you look at it in a certain light but there have been authors who have balked at that ghettoization. And rightly so. I never would have read the amazing book Inglorious, by Joanna Kavenna, with the cover chosen for its American hardback edition, a typical chick-lit cover. It would have been a turnoff. I’m a woman, but I am not drawn to the “chick-lit genre”, as it is marketed to me. Not my thing. I like more serious weighty books. Inglorious isn’t “chick-lit” at all. It’s a harrowing description of a nervous breakdown, told over the course of 5 or 6 days in this one woman’s life, and it’s an incredible debut novel. It has nothing to do with adorable clumsy female heroines, and their romantic shenanigans, talking with friends at happy hour over Cosmopolitans. It is a brutal book about a woman losing it. It was completely mis-marketed to US audiences. The brou-haha Kavenna made about that cover was so intense that they actually changed it for the paperback edition, and good for her for making a stink. Here’s Kavenna:

“I begged them not to use that cover but they did, and the reviews in the US were slightly different because of it. One said, ‘This is the most boring chick-lit novel I’ve ever read.’ They may have felt it backfired, because they did a much more sober cover for the paperback.”

This is a conversation about perception. It’s an important conversation.

I’ve always had male readers. I think I have more male readers than female, although I’ve never tallied it up. I am thankful to everyone who shows up here and joins in the conversation.

I am grateful to both of the male writers at Film.com and Flavorwire who saw the results of that study and didn’t get defensive, didn’t just ignore it, didn’t dismiss it as a problem in the first place. They set out to highlight some women doing some good work out there, and that’s a good thing. I’m pleased to be included. It’s nice to see a couple of my friends on that list as well. I mean, I’ll keep writing regardless. I’ve been writing a long long time. But it is nice to be there, I won’t lie.

Here are the lists:

Film.com: 7 Female Film Critics You Should Be Reading.

Flavorwire.com: 15 Great Female Film Critics You Should Be Reading. (I am described as “scholarly (yet lively)”. Thank goodness for that “yet”. My dad would be proud.)

Posted in Miscellania | 18 Comments

Snapshots

— I’ve been a bit absent here. I miss it but I have been busy with other things, primarily a recovery process from my illness. That is going VERY well, and it’s amazing to me but I am doing much much better. It has required a lot of space and quiet. I am starting to get restless again, which is a good sign. My doctors have been great, and I feel supported. Like, there’s a PLAN. And I have to just keep up with the plan, and keep working the plan. It’s hard. It has required a total overhaul of what my life looks like, but I’m in a groove with it now. I thank all of the people who have helped me, family, friends, and professionals.

— I have been reading like a maniac! My new schedule involves reading in bed before I go to sleep. It’s such a nice new ritual (rituals are important right now). I’ve been reading all kinds of books: fiction, short stories, fairy tales, history of this or that genocide (of course: genocides/war/horror are a given on any Sheila Reading List), and some film books. It’s been nice to really get back into reading. I have never quite recovered my pace since the 2009 crack-up, and my situation right now, being forced to change my lifestyle, has really given me a lot of breathing space. I’ve filled it with reading. Well, and other things. Cooking, exercising, and thinking. But reading for an hour in my bed before I go to sleep is … it’s so simple, but it’s like this whole new world has opened up by making that time. I can’t quite explain how awesome it is, you’ll just have to take my word for it.

— My niece and nephew call me “Auntie She She”, and I hope they never stop. I walk in the door, they both look up, and run at me, calling, “She She!!!”

— I have been going to a lot of movie screenings, some for work, some for pleasure.

— I’ve had a couple of outings with friends, which is good. I was so out of it from around November to March, and while I always have the support of friends, I was a bit closed to the comfort they provided. I went out for pizza with three good friends the other night – we went to Arturo’s, an awesome pizza joint on Houston. The last time I was there was on a date in … 1998 or some other Ancient History Time. It’s great pizza, with a wonderful warm staff, and we had a lovely time. Much to catch up on. There are other friends I need to re-connect with, David, Maria, Jen, Allison … Now that I am feeling better I can actually be present.

— There is a bit of stagnant sense in some areas of my career, with two of my projects, and I know I need to escalate my activity. I’ve come too far to just let things go, to just accept the situation as it stands. I feel stronger now. I can get things moving again, I just need to start thinking about the right next steps. I am doing that.

— I’ve never watched Mad Men and I have also been using this recovery time to catch up and watch it on Netflix. I am not caught up yet, I just started season 5, so please, no spoilers!! In the first two seasons, three friends of mine have recurring roles, so it was hysterical watching it. I felt like I was visiting with them. “Hey, Rich, how the hell ya doin’? Good job in that scene there!” “Missy, what’s up!! Great job!!” I love the show, despite some of its uneven qualities. Season 5, we’re now into the Swinging Sixties, and change is blowing through the air. Change is good, but I miss the aesthetic of the early seasons, with its Art Deco old-school glamour. But it’s been fun watching it. The acting is great. I’ll write more about it once I’m caught up. Don’t tell me what happens, I beg you!!

— Watched Shattered Glass again the other day. I had gotten interested (again) in plagiarism controversies. The whole Jonah Lehrer thing was FASCINATING to watch unfold, and of course there’s a whole book written about the Jayson Blair situation (Hard News: Twenty-one Brutal Months at The New York Times and How They Changed the American Media). Shattered Glass tells the story of how Stephen Glass snowed the entire staff at The New Republic, who published completely fictionalized pieces as fact. Amazing. And it was an online digital site (Forbes Digital) which discovered the story, and published it. Steve Zahn and Rosario Dawson are great as the two people who figure out that Glass had been lying. I’d seen the film before, and admired it very much. It holds up. A great portrait of a smiling shallow sociopath (“Are you mad at me?” he keeps asking: FASCINATING), and the acting is superb. You wouldn’t think a story about a guy making up stories could play out like a grand whodunit thriller, but it does. If you haven’t seen it, I highly recommend it.

Posted in Books, Movies, Personal, Television | Tagged , , | 46 Comments

Review: Sarah Polley’s Stories We Tell

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I’m a huge admirer of Sarah Polley’s career, in general. Her latest film, a documentary, is called Stories We Tell, and it’s incredible.

My review here at Roger Ebert.

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The Books: The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town, edited by Lillian Ross; ‘Playwright’, by Lillian Ross

It’s playwright Lorraine Hansberry’s birthday today. Here’s a post I wrote about her.

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Next up on the essays shelf:

The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town (Modern Library Paperbacks) is a collection of “The Talk of the Town” pieces in The New Yorker, grouped by decade, which is a lot of fun because you can see how the “voice” of the magazine developed, and how “The Talk of the Town” has grown and changed over the years.

“HARLEM”
by Langston Hughes

What happens to a dream deferred?

Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun?
Or fester like a sore–
And then run?
Does it stink like rotten meat?
Or crust and sugar over–
like a syrupy sweet?

Maybe it just sags
like a heavy load.

Or does it explode?

RaisinInTheSun

A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, premiered on Broadway in 1959. The playwright was only 28 years old. It was the first play written by a black author to be produced on Broadway. But there were a lot of other firsts. The majority of the cast of characters in the play were African-American. While there were black theatre companies, and many great black artists writing at the time, the productions were geared mainly for African-American audiences. To produce a story about black Americans, by a black American (and a woman no less), a story that confronted racism and segregation in America, and then to present it to a mainstream mostly-white audience was an enormous financial gamble. It took a while for the production to come together because of that. Would whites go see it? No one wanted to back it. It was 1958.

A Raisin in the Sun has gone on to take its rightful place in the American canon. It was recently revived on Broadway (unfortunately I did not see it, although Sanaa Lathan, one of my favorite actresses working today, was in it). Hansberry grew up in Chicago, and her father got embroiled in a lawsuit which kept him gone for months at a time (the suit went all the way to the Supreme Court: you can read more about it here). The issues of that lawsuit form the backbone of Raisin in the Sun, although Hansberry also said it was not strictly autobiographical (she came from a middle-class background, whereas the characters in her play were on the brink of poverty). The play tackles racism through the filter of economics, opportunity and fairness. A comparison to Death of a Salesman is not off the mark. The play was an enormous hit, critically and financially. The fears that white people would not care about a story about black people were unfounded. All sorts of new ground was broken up, ground that needs to broken up again and again. We see it in the movie industry too. Hansberry’s talent, her gift with creating memorable characters, real living-breathing people, is the main reason for all this success. Hansberry won the NY Drama Critics Circle Award for best play (I believe she was the youngest person to win that award, and and of course it is also a male-dominated list). The play was nominated for four Tony Awards. It was the first play on Broadway helmed by a black director (Lloyd Richards). A Raisin in the Sun was a breakthrough for its star, Sidney Poitier as well.

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Ruby Dee, Sidney Poitier, and Lonne Elder III, original production of “A Raisin in the Sun

And so sadly, so unfortunately, Hansberry died less than 10 years later from pancreatic cancer. She was 34 years old. Tragic. Her funeral was held in Harlem. Martin Luther King, Jr. sent a message which was read during the service:

“Her creative ability and her profound grasp of the deep social issues confronting the world today will remain an inspiration to generations yet unborn.”

He was right.

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But what a loss to American theatre.

Here’s a beautiful interview with Nina Simone about Hansberry, whose posthumous collection of writing (To Be Young, Gifted and Black) gave Simone the title for one of her most well-loved and requested songs, “To Be Young, Gifted and Black”.

In 1959, Lillian Ross met Lorraine Hansberry for breakfast. A Raisin in the Sun had just opened on Broadway and Hansberry found herself a star, almost overnight. She wasn’t 30 years old yet. She lived with her husband in a walk-up apartment in Greenwich Village and hadn’t quite gotten used to the idea yet that she was famous, that she would be called upon to speak out on “issues”, that everyone would want her on their committee, their league, etc. As she ate her eggs with Lillian Ross, she talked about her experience of all of that, and also talks about her childhood.

Almost the entirety of this piece is made up of long quotations from Hansberry: her voice, un-editorialized.

Here’s an excerpt.

The Fun of It: Stories from The Talk of the Town (Modern Library Paperbacks), edited by Lillian Ross; ‘Playwright’, by Lillian Ross

“I was born May 19, 1930, in Chicago,” she told us. “I have two brothers and one sister. I’m the baby of the family. My sister Mamie is thirty-five and has a three-year-old daughter, Nantille, who is divine and a character. She was named for my mother, whose name was Nannie, and her other grandmother, Tillie. My older brother, Carl, Jr., is forty, and my other brother, Perry, Sr., is thirty-eight and has an eighteen-year-old daughter, who is starting college and is very beautiful. Carl, Perry, and Mamie run my father’s real-estate business, Hansberry Enterprieses, in Chicago. My father, who is dead now, was born in Gloster, Mississippi, which you can’t find on the map, it’s so small. My mother comes from Columbia, Tennessee, which is on the map, but just about. My father left the South as a young man, and then he went back there and got himself an education. He was a wonderful and very special kind of man. He died in 1945, at the age of fifty-one – of a cerebral hemorrhage, supposedly, but American racism helped kill him. He died in Mexico, where he was making preparations to move all of us out of the United States. My brother Carl had just come back from Europe, where he fought with Patton’s army. My father wanted to leave this country because, although he had tried to do everything in his power to make it otherwise, he felt he still didn’t have his freedom. He was a very successful and very wealthy businessman. He had been a U.S. marshal. He had founded one of the first Negro banks in Chicago. He had fought a very famous civil-rights case on restricted covenants, which he fought all the way to the Supreme Court, and which he won after the expenditure of a great deal of money and emotional strength. The case is studied today in the law schools. Anyway, Daddy felt that this country was hopeless in its treatment of Negroes. So he became a refugee from America. He bought a house in Polanco, a suburb of Mexico City, and we were planning to move there when he died. I was fourteen at the time. I’m afraid I have to agree with Daddy’s assessment of this country. But I don’t agree with the leaving part. I don’t feel defensive. Daddy really belonged to a different age, a different period. He didn’t feel free. One of the reasons I feel so free is that I feel I belong to a world majority, and a very assertive one. I’m not really writing about my own family in the play. We were more typical of the bourgeois Negro exemplified by the Murchison family that is referred to in the play. I’m too close to my own family to be able to write about them.

“I mostly went to Jim Crow schools, on the South Side of Chicago, which meant half-day schools, and to this day I can’t count. My parents were some peculiar kind of democrats. They could afford to send us to private schools, but they didn’t believe in it. I went to three grade schools – Felsenthal, Betsy Ross, and A.O. Sexton, the last of them in a white neighborhood where Daddy bought a house when I was eight. My mother is a remarkable woman, with great courage. She sat in that house for eight months with us – while Daddy spent most of his time in Washington fighting his case – in what was, to put it mildly, a very hostile neighborhood. I was on the porch one day with my sister, swinging my legs, when a mob gathered. We went inside, and while we were in our living room, a brick came crashing through the window with such force it embedded itself in the opposite wall. I was the one the brick almost hit. I went to Englewood High School and then to the University of Wisconsin for two years. Then I just got tired of going to school and quit and came to New York, in the summer of 1950. The theatre came into my life like k-pow!” Miss Hansberry knocked a fist into the palm of her other hand. “In Chicago, on my early dates, I was taken to see shows like ‘The Tempest,’ ‘Othello,’ and ‘Dark of the Moon’, which absolutely flipped me, with all that witch-doctor stuff, which I still adore. In college, I saw plays by Strindberg and Ibsen for the first time, and they were important to me. I was intrigued by the theatre. Mine was the same old story – sort of hanging around little acting groups, and developing the feeling that the theatre embraces everything I like all at one time. I’ve always assumed I had something to tell people. Now I think of myself as a playwright.”

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