R.I.P. Nichelle Nichols

“I’m speaking to the whole family of humankind, minorities and women alike. If you qualify and would like to be an astronaut, now is the time. This is your NASA, a space agency embarked on a mission to improve the quality of life on planet Earth right now” — Nichelle Nichols, in a 1977 NASA recruitment film about the building of the Space Shuttle.

Nichelle Nichols was beloved and important for many reasons, and her career broke some serious ground. It was a career of firsts. Her dedication to NASA and space-exploration was admirable, as was her explicit encouragement to those who might feel like “NASA wouldn’t hire someone like me”. Her efforts on this front made a huge difference. A palpable difference.

This might be a good time to remember – or learn if you didn’t know already – that NASA de-segregated its offices/campuses/bathrooms ahead of the country at large. Bureaucracies are unwieldy and conservative and slow to change. NASA, however, just went ahead and did it, overnight. They didn’t ask for permission, or lobby for change, or hold a forum, or ask employees what they thought or preferred. With a swipe of a pen, it was done. This openness to the New – the embrace of the New – should not be surprising in an organization that was shooting men up into orbit in what were basically tin-cans. But still: it’s a good thing to keep in mind. Nichols recognized this too. Hers was a collaboration with NASA. She wasn’t a “spokesmodel”.

I imagine it’s not easy – and also kind of a bummer sometimes – to be a “symbolic” person, to play a “symbolic” role, to have a “symbolic” career. Nichols was fully aware of it – and was far-seeing in how she used her symbolic role to hold out a hand to others.

Here’s Nichelle Nichols’ NASA film:

RIP, bold pioneer.

Posted in Actors, RIP, Television | 1 Comment

Dynamic Duo #32

Paul McCartney and John Lennon, writing “I Saw Her Standing There” together, Nov. 1962, at the McCartney home in Liverpool. Taken by Paul’s brother Mike.

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R.I.P. Bob Rafelson

In 1965, television producers Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider placed an ad in the Hollywood Reporter:

MADNESS!! AUDITIONS Folk & Roll Musicians-Singers for acting roles in new TV series. Running parts for 4 insane boys, age 17-21”

Many are called, but few are chosen. In this case, the “4 insane boys” chosen were Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith, Peter Tork, and Davy Jones. The idea was to create a pop group for a situation comedy, with built-in limitless merchandising and/or concert and/or opportunities. Glee 40 years before Glee. Predicting the wave of manufactured boy bands which overtook the pop industry, again, thirty years later. The wild thing about the Monkees, which sets them apart, is they weren’t just “4 insane boys”. They could write damn good pop songs, songs that still get radio play today, still show up in movie soundtracks, they just came together again and put out an album I love. And that’s all that matters. It still has catchy tones, with humor, and a strain of melancholy, and great hooks.

The Monkees were the brainchild of Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider – launched into the thick of the mid-60s and … it worked.

It was short-lived but it worked. Go look up their chart rankings. It’s insane, considering the competition. In 1967, the Monkees had two of the top-selling singles. Bob Stanley, in his book Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!, which tracks the history of pop music from Bill Haley to Beyonce – devotes a whole chapter to The Monkees, for which he has an abiding affection. Stanley writes:

Ultimately, [the Monkees] affirmed the Brill Building–and, tangentially, Motown–as the secret motor of the best sixties pop, and also showed Monterey to be the decade’s great fulcrum of failure–dethroning the Mamas and the Papas (despite their role in setting it up), destabilizing Brian Wilson, and putting in their place all kinds of self-satisfied, underachieving acts.

The Monkees didn’t stroll into the doldrums of popular music. They cavorted into one of the high watermarks, and they crushed.

They paid a price, though. In a world where music was suddenly seen as thuper-therious and could maybe change the world, they were seen as Pre-Fab, phony, pretenders. As though everybody else was totally 100% organic and raised up from the dirt of authenticity. Puh-leeze.

To add some shading to this, Rafelson always had misgivings about what he was doing. He loved the Monkees, he hated them. On the strength of the television show, and the albums, Rafelson decided to write, produce, and direct a film starring The Monkees. It would be a break in style and feel from what made the Monkees the Monkees. Jack Nicholson (Rafelson’s great friend – we’ll get to him in a second) co-produced. Head was psychedelic and fragmented – following the trend of the year it was made (1968). It featured the Monkees being ground up into powder at one point. It ended with them being hustled into a truck and driven off the studio lot. Good-bye Monkees. So strange. But it essentially – and actually – killed the Monkees. (All of this pre-dates my existence. My first encounter with the Monkees was when they appeared on The Brady Bunch. I thought Mike Nesmith was THE BOMB. He was my favorite.)

So Bob Rafelson – a man who always did whatever the hell he wanted to do, because fuck The Man – killed his own creation.

Look at those taglines.

The Monkees are important but they were just a small chapter in this innovator’s career. In the 1960s, he and his co-conspirator Bert Schneider, founded BBS productions, an independent operation for television projects. BBS’ reputation has huge symbolic appeal, especially across the wastes of times. They were pioneers and very much a part of the rise of American independent film in the 1970s. In fact, they launched it almost single-handedly: Rafelson produced a super obscure film called Easy Rider. Jack Nicholson’s name will come up again and again in this story.

Rafelson also produced The Last Picture Show.

Then came the mighty Five Easy Pieces, one of the best American films of the 1970s (and it came in 1970, so it was all out there on its own), and I would argue one of the best American films, period. Co-written by Rafelson and Carole Eastman, and starring Jack Nicholson – with an unforgettable Karen Black – Five Easy Pieces is one of the loneliest and most introverted and strange of American movies: strangeness like this has rarely been allowed in American film – and it ushered in a whole new world. Jack Nicholson playing the piano on the back of a flat-bed truck. An indelible mark.

But the final shot of Five Easy Pieces was what flooded into my mind when I heard the news that Bob Rafelson has died at the age of 89. It is one of my favorite final shots in cinema.

Charles Higham wrote of the shot in The Art of American Cinema:

Rafelson and his cameraman László Kovács fix the scene in our minds forever: the filling station and its discreet restroom; the grey surrounding buildings; the dripping autumnal vegetation of the Pacific Northwest; the parked truck waiting to go to Alaska; the face of Nicholson, already aging and filled with premonitory shadows, fixed behind the windshield. Religion, love and family have all failed to work, leaving absolutely nothing at the end but a journey to nowhere.

I saw Five Easy Pieces at age 17, 18, and in many ways it’s never left me. The final shot is a vision of the world and life that felt very familiar – eerily, in looking back on it, since I didn’t have the life experience yet. I have the life experience now. The final shot requires exclusively an adult kind of knowledge. It’s not for kids. The world is empty and lonely and restless. Even as a teenager, something in me recognized it. I already knew that shot in my bones.

Bob Rafelson was right. About so many things.

Posted in Directors, Movies, RIP, Television | Tagged , | 3 Comments

Review: Resurrection (2022)

Resurrection is a psychological thriller – I guess? – but it goes into much nuttier territory than the usual. I dug it. It’s bonkers. Great acting, too. I reviewed for Ebert.

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Review: How to Please a Woman (2022)

Okay, so this is the second women-hire-male-sex-workers movie I’ve reviewed in one month. In June, I reviewed the excellent Good Luck to You, Leo Grande – playing on Hulu – and now comes the Australian comedy How to Please a Woman, directed by Renee Webster. It doesn’t have the layers of Leo Grande, or the character development, but it treads on similar territory. It’s not just a comedy (although it’s often VERY funny). Profound messages about pleasure and the importance thereof – not just for women – is embedded within it. I really liked it! You can read my review here.

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What to Know About Jafar Panahi

My friend Nicolas Rapold (former editor in chief of Film Comment, the man who gave me my column) wrote a great piece about Jafar Panahi for the New York Times. Nic gives a brief summary of what has happened, and then highlights some of his films to check out. I echo all of his sentiments. This situation is getting a lot of press right now, which is very good news. Keep it up.

What to Know About Jafar Panahi, the Imprisoned Iranian Filmmaker

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Here we go again: Three Iranian filmmakers arrested

This is so heartbreaking. On or around his birthday, amazing Iranian filmmaker Jafar Panahi was arrested along with fellow filmmakers Mohammad Rasoulof (The White Meadows, Manuscripts Don’t Burn, There is No Evil ) and Mostafa Al-e Ahmad (Poosteh), and vanished into the maw of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s penal “system”. Rasoulof and Al-e Ahmad were arrested first because of critical posts they made on Instagram: they were said to be “inciting unrest and disrupting the psychological security of society”. Pretty fragile society, huh. When Panahi – in an extremely risky move – went to Evin prison to try to find out what happened to his friends, he, too, was arrested. He was told he had six more years to serve of his sentence – apparently “outstanding” from his arrest in 2010 (and subsequent lifelong ban on filmmaking). He was arrested on the spot. The Cannes Film Festival – where Panahi’s films have screened for years – has put out a statement condemning these arrests. And here’s an article about the situation. I am getting a distinct feeling of deja vu. I JUST said in re: Panahi that I lived in fear of something happening to him. There’s a petition demanding the release of these artists. Please consider signing. I’ve been writing about this Jafar Panahi situation for 12 years now – and writing about his films for years before that – and this just sickens me. (And let’s not forget that ever since his 2010 arrest – he was put under house arrest, he’s been harassed and intimidated, and those who have worked with him are arrested, have their passports revoked, etc.) This tyrannical regime has been trying to shut him up – and other artists – for decades now. It’s infuriating.

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Stuff I’ve been reading

This L.A. Times essay about Covid brain fog – and so much more – by Mary McNamara is a WILD ride, but it said a lot of the things I’ve been feeling about … everything, everywhere, all at once.

Arguably. A collection of Christopher Hitchens’ essays. I’m reading one essay a day. I’ve read these countless times, and have pulled different ones up and out to read individually, since he’s such a good reference. He appears to have every quote he needs from every book he’s ever read at the ready. How did he do it? I’ve read a lot, but I don’t retain the way he did. It’s the reason I kept a commonplace book for so many years: it was an attempt to “nail down” the quotes I want to remember, not just in case I need to use them someday, but because they are good quotes and I like thinking about them. The depth/breadth of his subject matter is daunting. I am not sure it can be repeated. He has essays about Rebecca West, Hilary Mantel, and Graham Greene, and he has essays about the death penalty in America. He writes about Isaac Newton, and he writes about Saul Bellow. It’s de rigeur to say shit like “I don’t agree with everything he says” when it comes to people like Hitchens, or Camille Paglia or [insert controversial person]. However, I don’t say shit like that because you know why? I don’t agree with everything ANYONE says. From best friends to politicians (especially politicians): I do not experience 100% agreement with ANYone. “I absolutely loved the latest Gaga album.” “Really? I wasn’t crazy about it.” “I love Don DeLillo.” “I don’t care for him at all.” Boom. Not 100% agreement. And life moves on and nobody flips out. In fact, interesting discussions often ensue. Granted, I am not friends with people who say “The Nazis had a point” or “Marriage is between a man and a woman.” I have my limits. It’s best to engage with whatever it is with critical thinking intact. If you do that, then 100% agreement is irrelevant. You get to make up your own mind, and it’s okay if there’s someone out there who disagrees. I like writers who make me think deeper and longer about things, particularly when I think they are wrong. And Hitchens was often wrong.

Tune In: The Beatles: All These Years, by Mark Lewisohn. I am not sure why I have not read this before. To say it’s “exhaustive” is to completely under-state the situation. This is volume 1. It is 800 pages long, with 200 pages of in-depth footnotes. It’s massive. Tune In was published in 2016 I think, and ends in the final months of 1962 – the “moment before” – with the word: “INTERMISSION”. Implying, of course, a Volume 2 – which, so far, has not appeared. I know so much about the Beatles: I’ve been a fan since Beatlemania swept my grade school (and this was long after the band had broken up). My parents had the first album in their record collection, so I knew the whole thing by heart (and, to this day, the track list is woven into my DNA.) But this book is so detailed I’m learning so much more, not just about all of the players – including folks like Stu Sutcliffe, Pete Best, and Brian Epstein – but the coalescing process of this super group. It took forever (even though it was just a couple of years). As Geoffrey O’Brien observes in his great Sonata for Jukebox: “None of them ever did much except prepare themselves to be the Beatles.” It’s so true. I guess that’s what happens when you all meet (except for Ringo) when you’re all under 16 years old. What else could they have been doing in that short period of time? So in a lot of ways it happened “overnight” but reading it playing out in real-time is a fascinating experience. I kept thinking, “Jesus, WHEN will Ringo arrive? This is RIDICULOUS.” They suffered with Pete Best for years – (I mean, two years … it’s really not that long a time, but in Beatles-time it’s forever). And they all knew he wasn’t good enough but the situation was awkward, to say the least. Meanwhile, Ringo is touring with the Hurricanes to summer camps and American military bases, making up for lost time from being a sickly child staring at the world through the window. Getting rid of Pete Best was crucial, as cruel as it was (and as cruelly as they did it, leaving it up to Epstein) … and there was Ringo, waiting in the wings, shaving off his beard as requested. This process in the book takes up 500, 600 pages. Lewisohn is nothing if not THOROUGH. It’s also been fun to queue up the songs as they came into being: first, all the covers – which, of course, we have most of them now, on the Anthology or Live at the BBC … but also the Lennon-McCartney songs, many of which were written YEARS before (okay, two or three years: see again the weirdness of living in Beatles-time) they sat down to record them. And the strangeness of who they were as a “group” and how the concept of a “group” didn’t even exist until they came along. Wait, they all sing? There isn’t just one lead singer? Up until very late in the game, the people at EMI were wondering who would be the lead singer? The tradition was: Paul McCartney and the Beatles, or John Lennon and the Beatles, etc. It was … WEIRD to people, the idea of a GROUP. They were the Beatles, end-stop. Anyway, I’m having a blast with it and I’m 100 pages from the end – the final months of 1962 before all hell breaks loose.

The Master and Margarita, by Mikhail Bulgakov. It’s my third time through. The conditions under which Bulgakov wrote the book – and then burned it – and then wrote it again from memory – knowing it would never be published (nor was it, not until decades later) – haunt every page, so much so that I am consistently surprised at the book’s hilarity, its insouciant jollity, all those people screaming and running around, making wild statements, and the cartoonish violence, etc. The cat lolling back on the bed sipping vodka, nibbling on a little sausage … You can just SEE this giant cat chillin’ out, and it’s absurd. I love cats but I HATE this cat. Every page has some crazy image like that: even a man’s severed head bouncing down a sidewalk has a humorous aspect. The humor and the horror are one and the same, of course. The book still feels dangerous. “Manuscripts don’t burn,” said Bulgakov. This whole book is about a forbidden manuscript, the buried actual story of the actual manuscript of Master and Margarita, the first version of which was ACTUALLY burned because it was too dangerous to even have around in Soviet 1930s. The whole book is such a perfect metaphor for the horror of those years. In a supposed athiestic country, if the Devil appeared – the actual Devil – how would anyone even recognize him? In a world where no one is allowed to speak outside an approved narrative, then how on earth could you get the message out that there’s an abnormally large cat lying on your bed sipping vodka out of a glass? Well, Ivan finds out what happens when you speak the truth. So does the Master. So do countless others. They are forced – at gunpoint practically – to parrot the accepted truth. *You did not see what you think you saw*. In that process, the cognitive dissonance is so extreme (Orwell’s 2+2=5 is the most perfect metaphor for this) that Ivan is “split in two”, the title of one chapter. The book is a stone-cold masterpiece. It’s fun to revisit because there’s so much to it I always forget, but so much is burned into my brain. The apricot juice. The cat lolling about with the vodka. The writers’ restaurant. The character with one black eye and one green eye. The apartment where every resident eventually disappears, never to be seen again. Pontius Pilate omnipresent. The headaches – everyone has splitting headaches. Of COURSE they do. That’s cognitive dissonance for you. An entire nation with a splitting headache.

The Road from Coorain, by Jill Ker Conway. My father gave me this book decades ago, and I am so sorry to say I am only reading it now. Dad, I wish I had sat down and read it so we could discuss it. I love that he loved this book. Jill Ker Conway was from Australia, her parents owned a farm called Coorain – out in the desert, a tough tough life – and after her father died, she and her mother moved to Sydney where her real education began. Jill Ker Conway went on to be the first female president of Smith College. It’s a classic feminist text, about a homeschooled child who grew up doing hard labor in absolutely unforgiving conditions, who went on to rise to the tippity-top of her profession, with the example of her dogged tough-minded mother in front of her. Jill Ker Conway died in 2018. I am finally reading the work for which she will always be known. It’s lovely, and beautifully written.

“Enemy of Promise”, by Christian Lorentzen. Lorentzen is one of the few current writers where I will drop everything to read his latest dispatch. I met him one night years ago at the 92nd Street Y: he was on a panel for a screening of Woody Allen’s Manhattan Murder Mystery, curated by my friend Miriam Bale (who wasn’t my friend yet at the time). I was a little bit in awe of him, even though we are similar ages, because I had been reading him for years at that point. Even if I haven’t read the book in question, I devour his words about it. His latest is on the collection of Hitchens’ articles for the London Review of Books called A Hitch in Time. Commentary on Hitchens is often annoyingly reductive: people only remember his most controversial pieces, or – in my opinion – dumb pieces – like the one about how women aren’t funny. To throw out his entire body of work – which is massive – because of one bad take, a “hot take” if ever there was one – is ridiculous. Lorentzen is pretty even-handed about all of this (I love his observation that not so long ago the idea was to “expand” the canon to include more voices: now it’s about “cleansing” the canon, and REMOVING voices – a very different thing). Hitchens did indeed take a major swerve and paid a price for it, losing his gigs at The Nation and Harpers and presumably other outlets. He was an “apostate”. Some of that writing does not date well at ALL. But it’s part of a much larger story. He should be remembered and studied – not because his opinions were always “right” (eyeroll), but because – as Lorentzen points out – as a “stylist” he has “few rivals”. Ignore him at your peril.

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Review: She Will (2022)

This is very good and I highly recommend it. I reviewed She Will for Ebert.

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“So give me a stage where this bull here can rage”: Two essays on Raging Bull

Yesterday was the release-day of Criterion’s 4K edition of Raging Bull, for which I contributed a video-essay. There are two essays included in the booklet (also online), and I just read them both and must share them:

First: Raging Bull: Never Got Me Down, by my pal Glenn Kenny – who has interviewed Scorsese several times but especially for Made Men, Glenn’s wonderful book on the making of Goodfellas. I was hoping Glenn would be involved in this release, and he is. His essay is great, with an extensive knowledge of the period – the supposed “New Hollywood”, and the bookend (rightly or wrongly) that was Raging Bull. Glenn is one of my favorite writers – and thinkers – out there.

Second essay is Raging Bull: American Minotaur by Scottish poet Robin Robertson, and it’s an impressionistic emotional recollection of the movie’s impact on him as a young man, but also a commentary on American culture, particularly mid-20th-century culture, including noir. It’s fascinating and beautifully written.

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